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应从四方面细化附条件不起诉制度/刘霞

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  修改后的刑事诉讼法规定的附条件不起诉制度,可以说,充分吸纳了近几年未成年司法改革实践中的有益经验,体现了对涉罪未成年人的特殊保护。但是对于该制度的具体运行程序,如附条件不起诉的适用范围、决定主体、考察帮教的具体内容以及效力等,规定的较为笼统,实践中有时难以把握,具体体现在:一是一年有期徒刑以下刑罚在实践中难以掌握。首先是刑法分则中法定最高刑为一年以下有期徒刑的只有两条,一条是刑法的侵犯公民通信自由罪,另一条是偷越国(边)境罪。在最高人民法院制定的《量刑指导意见》(试行)中,最高刑为一年以下有期徒刑的有9种犯罪,分别是非法拘禁罪、盗窃罪、诈骗罪、抢夺罪、职务侵占罪、敲诈勒索罪、妨害公务罪、寻衅滋事罪、掩饰隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪等,在实践中难以掌握。二是没有规定犯罪嫌疑人应当履行的义务。如是否履行做出一定给付,弥补被害人损失,或做出其他公益给付等。三是没有规定审查决定程序。四是考察制度笼统,考验期是否就是考察期等没有明确。

  针对上述问题,笔者认为,在制定有关诉讼规则时,有待于进一步细化和统一认识。

  一、适用范围

  刑诉法规定了适用附条件不起诉的条件,对于可能判处一年有期徒刑以下刑罚的判断,应当规定由检察机关根据事实和证据具体判断,而不只是限定在法定刑的几种情形。另外,还应规定不适用附条件不起诉的排除情形,如对于惯犯、累犯,或具有黑恶、恐怖组织性质的或者被判处管制、缓刑、假释正在服刑期间的,或者没有监护条件的等几种情形,不应当适用附条件不起诉。

  二、审查决定程序

  一是做出附条件不起诉决定的程序。符合附条件不起诉的刑事案件,应按审查案件程序进行,由承办人根据审查案件的事实、证据以及犯罪嫌疑人或辩护人提出的申请,提出适用的理由和意见,经公诉部门集体讨论,报分管检察长研究后,由检察长或检察委员会决定,然后由检察长签发决定。二是撤销附条件不起诉决定的程序。符合第273条第一款规定情形,提起公诉的,由检察长决定,没有必要提交检委会研究。考验期满,拟作出不起诉决定的,应当由检委会决定,并在作出决定后告知公安机关、被害人、被不起诉人及其法定代理人。公安机关的提出复议、复核,被害人的申诉权等,适用相对不起诉的相关规定。

  三、考察的内容、程序和形式

  附条件不起诉是对犯罪嫌疑人的行为已经构成犯罪的认定,但又是一种对涉罪未成年人的特殊保护措施,其意义在于让失足的未成年人通过教育感化重新回归社会,其目的在于对涉罪的未成年人放弃起诉权。未成年犯罪嫌疑人在考验期间能否严格遵守有关规定,监督考察起着关键性作用。因此,笔者认为,对附条件不起诉的未成年犯罪嫌疑人进行监督考察,就要把“教育、感化、挽救”方针贯彻于办案全程,树立对未成年人特殊保护的刑事司法理念,使失足的未成年人通过真诚帮教、细心疏导、转化为服务社会的有用之才。

  在考察内容方面,修改后的刑事诉讼法第272条第三款规定了被附条件不起诉的未成年犯罪嫌疑人在考验期内应当遵守的四条规定,第273条第一款规定了人民检察院应当撤销附条件不起诉决定的两种情形。笔者认为,还应当规定犯罪嫌疑人在考察期内的附加义务,即赔偿被害人或与被害人达成和解协议,或者做出一定的公益给付,即在敬老院、医院做义工等。

  在考察程序方面,为确保附条件不起诉收到良好的社会效果,应建立“检察院、公安机关、社区(家庭)、学校(单位)”的“四位一体”监督考察体系。笔者认为,规定中的考验期,就是监督考察的期限,即一年以下,六个月以上。此外,还应该规定,在考验期内至少要考察几次,并采取定期考察和不定期考察相结合的形式进行。笔者认为对考察人的定期考察每两个月进行一次比较适当。

  在监督考察的形式上,应采取三种方式:一是走访社区、学校、派出所,了解被监督考察人的思想动态和现实表现情况;二是定期约见,对其加强思想、法制、道德教育和心理疏导,消除心理上的障碍;三是发挥监护人监护作用,与其建立沟通联系方式,及时掌握思想动态,配合做好监督考察。考验期限届满,被附条件不起诉人应当写出悔罪表现总结及体会,社区、公安机关应出具相关意见,公诉部门对整个监督过程、监督成效和鉴定意见进行汇报,如没有本法第273条第一款规定的情形,由检察委员会研究决定后,作出不起诉决定。

  四、监督制约机制和救济机制

  修改后的刑诉法第271条规定了公安机关对附条件不起诉的监督制约机制、被害人和犯罪嫌疑人及其法定代理人的救济机制。考虑到保护犯罪嫌疑人的“阳光”审判权和辩护权,对犯罪嫌疑人的救济机制采取“当然异议”制度,赋予其对附条件不起诉的自由选择权。笔者认为,在监督制约机制和救济机制方面,还应当在以下方面进行完善:一是完善公诉转自诉的被害人救济机制。明确规定被害人对附条件不起诉不服向法院提起自诉的期限。笔者建议,对于向检察机关提出申诉的,被害人应在收到检察机关的不起诉决定之日起15日内向法院提起自诉;如果没有申诉而直接向人民法院提起自诉,应在收到不起诉决定书之日起15日内向法院提起自诉。在举证方面,引入法律援助制度。如果法院采纳了被害人的告诉意见,认为应当将被犯罪嫌疑人交付审判,应当建议检察机关提起公诉,如果建议不被检察机关采纳,可指定由律师承担法律援助义务,为被害人在法庭上承担举证责任。二是完善上级检察机关的监督权。即被害人、犯罪嫌疑人及其法定代理人不服附条件不起诉决定时,可以在规定的时间内向上级检察机关申诉,请求纠正。上级检察机关发现下级检察机关的附条件不起诉决定不当或错误时,应当指令下级检察机关纠正。

  (作者单位:山东省郓城检察院 山东省检察院)

Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China


Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

No. 431

Regulations on Letters and Visits, adopted at the 76th Executive Meeting of the State Council on January 5, 2005, are hereby promulgated and shall be effective as of May 1, 2005.

Premier Wen Jiabao

January 10, 2005

Regulations on Letters and Visits

(Adopted at the 76th Executive Meeting of the State Council on January 5, 2005, promulgated by Decree No. 431 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on January 10, and effective as of May 1, 2005)

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 These Regulations are formulated for the purposes of enhancing relations between the people's governments at all levels and the people, protecting the lawful rights and interests of letter-writers and visitors, and maintaining a good order in letter-writing and visiting.

Article 2 The term "letters and visits" in these Regulations means that citizens, legal persons or other organizations give information, make comments or suggestions or lodge complaints to the people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level through correspondence, E-mails, faxes, phone calls, visits, and so on, which are dealt with by the relevant administrative departments according to law.

A citizen, legal person or any other organization that gives information, makes comments or suggestions or lodges complaints by such means as prescribed in the preceding paragraph is defined as a letter-writer or visitor.

Article 3 The people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall effectively handle letters and visits by conscientiously dealing with letters, receiving visitors, heeding people's comments, suggestions and complaints and accepting their supervision, so that the people's interests are best served.

The people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall keep free-flowing channels for letter-writers and visitors and provide convenience for the letter-writers or visitors who give information, make comments or suggestions, or lodge complaints by such means as prescribed in these Regulations.

No organization or individual may retaliate against letter-writers or visitors.

Article 4 The work regarding letters and visits shall be done under the leadership of the people's governments at all levels and in adherence to the principles of territorial jurisdiction, responsibilities assumed at different levels, the department in charge being the department responsible and combination of the need to solve problems lawfully, timely and locally with persuasion.

Article 5 The people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall make policy decisions in a scientific and democratic manner, perform their duties according to law and prevent contradictions and disputes at source from leading to letters and visits.

Any people's government at or above the county level shall establish a work pattern for letters and visits characterized by unified leadership, coordination among different departments, overall planning and all-round consideration, seeking both temporary and permanent solution, each assuming its own responsibilities and joining efforts with others for the common goal, and it shall resolve contradictions and disputes in a timely manner by holding joint meetings and setting up a mechanism for making investigation and coordination and handling letters and visits and a working system of supervision in this respect.

Responsible persons of the people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall read letters for important issues and give written instructions on them, receive visitors for important issues, listen to reports on the work regarding letters and visits, and study and solve overriding problems in such work.

Article 6 Any people's government at or above the county level shall set up a department for letters and visits. The relevant department of the people's government at or above the county level and the people's government of the town or township shall, according to the principles of facilitating work and creating convenience for letter-writers and visitors, respectively assign a unit responsible for the work regarding letters and visits (hereinafter referred to as the unit for letters and visits) or individuals the specific reasonability for work in this field.

The department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level is the administrative department of the people's government at the corresponding level which is responsible for the work regarding letters and visits and performs the following duties:

(1) to accept the letter-or-visit matter presented by a letter-writer or visitor, transmit it to another organ, or assign another organ to handle it;

(2) to handle the letter-or-visit matter handed over by the people's government at a higher level or at the corresponding level;

(3) to coordinate efforts in handling important letter-or-visit matters;

(4) to urge and examine the handling of letter-or-visit matters;

(5) to study and analyze both letters and visits, conduct investigation and study and, in a timely manner, make suggestions on improving policies and work to the people's government at the corresponding level; and

(6) to provide guidance to other relevant departments of the people's government at the corresponding level and the departments or units for letters and visits of the people's governments at lower levels in their work regarding letters and visits.

Article 7 The people's governments at all levels shall establish and improve the responsibility system for letters and visits, and shall, in strict accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws, administrative regulations and these Regulations, investigate the individuals who are responsible for malfeasance or dereliction of duty committed in the work regarding letters and visits and circulate a notice of the matter within an appropriate scope.

The people's governments at all levels shall incorporate the achievements scored in the work regarding letters and visits into the performance assessment of public servants.

Article 8 The relevant administrative organ or unit shall give rewards to the letter-writer or visitor who, by giving information or presenting comments or suggestions in its letter or visit, has made contributions to the national economic and social development, and to the improvement of the work of State organs and the protection of public interests.

The relevant administrative organ shall give rewards to the unit or individual that has scored outstanding achievements in the work regarding letters and visits.

Chapter II Channels for Letters and Visits

Article 9 The people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall make known to the public such matters as the correspondence and E-mail addresses, telephone numbers for complaints, time and places for receiving letters and visitors, methods of inquiring about the progress and results of the letter-or-visit matters handled.

The people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, at the places for receiving letters and visitors or at the websites, make known to the public the laws, regulations and rules, the procedures for handling letter-or-visit matters and other matters concerning provision of convenience to letter-writers and visitors.

Article 10 The people's governments at the level of a city divided into districts and those at the county level and their relevant departments and the people's governments of towns or townships shall establish the system of reception day on which the responsible persons of administrative organs read letters and receive visitors, and coordinate efforts in handling letter-or-visit matters. Letter-writers and visitors can report letter-or-visit matters face to face to the responsible persons of the administrative organs at the publicized reception place on the publicized reception day.

Responsible persons of the people's government at or above the county level and of the relevant departments of the said government or the individuals designated by them may go to the places where the letter-writers or visitors live to talk to them face to face and exchange views with them with regard to the overriding problems they have reported.

Article 11 The department for letters and visits of the State shall, by making full use of the existing network resources for governmental affairs information, establish a national information system for letters and visits, in order to provide convenience for letter-writers and visitors to present letter-or-visit matters and inquire about the handling of the letters and visits locally.

The local people's government at or above the county level shall, by making full use of the existing network resources for governmental affairs information, establish or designate the information system for letters and visits within its administrative areas and connect its information system for letters and visits with those of the people's governments at higher levels, their relevant departments and the people's governments at lower levels.

Article 12 The department for letters and visits or any other relevant departments of the people's government at or above the county level shall, in a timely manner, input the complaint lodged by a letter-writer or visitor into the information system for letters and visits. The letter-writer or visitor may, on the strength of the complaint acceptance certificate issued by the administrative organ, go to the department for letters and visits or the reception place of the relevant department of the local people's government to inquire about the handling of the complaint. The specific measures and procedures therefor shall respectively be formulated by the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

Article 13 In light of the actual needs in the work regarding letters and visits, the people's governments at the level of a city divided into districts and those at the county level may establish a working mechanism in which the government plays the leading role and all sectors of society take part and which facilitates rapid settlement of disputes.

The departments and units for letters and visits shall organize the relevant public organizations, legal aid agencies, professionals, volunteers and others to joint efforts in handling complaints lodged by letter-writers and visitors in a lawful, timely and reasonable way through advice, education, consultation, mediation, hearing, or by other means.

Chapter III Presenting Letter-or-visit Matters

Article 14 Where a letter-writer or visitor gives information or makes comments or suggestions on the performance of duties by the following organizations or individuals, or is not satisfied with the performance of duties by the following organizations or individuals, it may present letter-or-visit matters to the relevant administrative organs:

(1) administrative organs or their staff members;

(2) organizations that are authorized by laws or regulations to perform the functions of administration of public affairs, or their staff members;

(3) enterprises or institutions providing public service, or their staff members;

(4) individuals in public organizations or other enterprises or institutions who are appointed or dispatched by administrative organs of the State; and

(5) villagers' committees, residents' committees or their members.

With regard to the complaints that shall be handled according to law through litigation, arbitration, administrative reconsideration or other statutory means, the letter-writer or visitor shall present them to the relevant organs according to the procedures as provided for by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 15 With regard to a letter-or-visit matter that falls within the scope of the functions and powers of the people's congresses at all levels, the standing committee of the people's congress at or above the county level, the people's court or the people's procuratorate, the letter-writer or visitor shall present it to the people's congress, its standing committee, people's court or people's procuratorate respectively and abide by the provisions of Articles 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 of these Regulations.

Article 16 Where a letter-writer or visitor intends to present a letter-or-visit matter through visit, it shall present the letter-or-visit matter to the organ at the corresponding level or the next higher level that, according to law, has the power to handle the letter-or-visit matter. If a letter-or-visit matter has been accepted or is in the process of being handled and the letter-writer or visitor, before the expiration of the time limit, presents the same letter-or-visit matter to the organ at the higher level of the organ that has accepted and is handling the letter-or-visit matter, the former shall not accept the letter-or-visit matter.

Article 17 A letter-writer or visitor shall, in general, present a letter-or-visit matter through correspondence, E-mail, fax or any other written form. Where it lodges a complaint, it shall, in addition, state clearly its name (title), address, requests, the facts and reasons.

With regard to the oral presentation of a complaint, the relevant organ shall record the name (title) and address of the letter-writer or visitor, its requests, the facts and reasons.

Article 18 Where a letter-writer or visitor who intends to present a letter-or-visit matter through visit, it shall go to the reception place established or designated by the organ concerned.

Where two or more letter-writers or visitors intend to present the same letter-or-visit matter through visit, they shall choose representatives, and the number of representatives shall not exceed five.

Article 19 A letter-writer or visitor shall be objective in presenting letter-or-visit matters, the letter-or-visit matters presented shall be true to facts, and it shall be responsible for the truthfulness of the contents of the materials it provides. It shall not make up stories, distort facts, frame or bring a false charge against others.

Article 20 Letter-writers and visitors shall, in the course of writing letters or making visits, abide by laws and regulations, shall not harm the interests of the State, society or the collective or infringe upon the lawful rights of other citizens, shall conscientiously maintain public order and the order in handling letters and visits, and shall not commit any of the following acts:

(1) illegally assembling around offices of State organs or public places, encircling and attacking State organs, intercepting official vehicles, or jamming and obstructing traffic;

(2) carrying dangerous articles or tools under control;

(3) humiliating, beating up or threatening functionaries of State organs or illegally restricting other people's freedom of the individual;

(4) staying and making trouble at the reception places for letters and visits, or leaving the individuals who are unable to look after themselves at such places;

(5) inciting, colluding with, coercing or enticing with money or things of value others to write letters or make visits, or manipulating from behind the scenes others into doing so, or taking advantage of letters and visits to accumulate wealth; or

(6) committing other acts that disrupt public order or impair national or public security.

Chapter IV Accepting Letter-or-visit Matters

Article 21 The department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level shall, upon receiving a letter or visit, register the letter-or-visit matter presented and handle it on the merits of each case within 15 days in the following ways:

(1) With regard to a letter-or-visit matter specified in Article 15 of these Regulations, notify the letter-writer or visitor that it presents such matter to the people's congresses or its standing committee, people's court or people's procuratorate respectively; and reject the matter which has been or shall be handled according to law through litigation, arbitration, administrative reconsideration or any other statutory means, while notifying the letter-writer or visitor that it presents the matter to the organ concerned according to the procedures as provided for by the relevant laws or administrative regulations.

(2) With regard to a letter-or-visit matter which shall be handled and decided on by the people's government at the corresponding level or the department thereof according to their statutory functions and duties, transfer such matter to the administrative organ which has the power to handle it; or make timely suggestions and submit such matter to the people's government at the corresponding level for decision in case of any important or urgent matter.

(3) With regard to a letter-or-visit matter which involves an administrative organ at a lower level or its staff members, directly transfer such matter to the administrative organ which has the power to handle it according to the principles of territorial jurisdiction, responsibilities assumed at different levels, and the department in charge being the department responsible, and send a copy of the matter to the department or unit for letters and visits of the people's government at the next lower level.

The department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level shall notify such department or unit of the people's government at the next lower level of the matter transferred regularly, and the department or unit for letters and visits of the people's government at a lower level shall report to such department of the people's government at the next higher level about the handling of the transferred matter regularly.

(4) With regard to any important matter among the letter-or-visit matters transferred and feedback on the results of the handling of which is required, send it directly to the administrative organ which has the power to handle it, and ask the organ to feed back the results within the designated time limit for handling it and submit reports on the results of the handling.

Within 15 days from the date the letter-or-visit matter is transferred or assigned thereto according to the provisions of Items (2) to (4) of the preceding paragraph, the administrative organ concerned shall decide whether to accept the matter and notify the letter-writer or visitor of the decision in writing, and inform the department or unit for letters and visits of its decision as required.

Article 22 With regard to a letter-or-visit matter which is directly presented to the administrative organ other than the departments or unit for letters and visits of the people's governments at different levels by a letter-writer or visitor according to the provisions of these Regulations, the administrative organ concerned shall register such matter. A letter-or-visit matter that conforms to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 14 of these Regulations and falls within the scope of the statutory functions and powers of the said organ shall be accepted by it; and it shall not shift the responsibility onto other organs, take a perfunctory attitude or delay handling the matter. If a letter-or-visit matter does not fall within the scope of the functions and powers of the said organ, it shall notify the letter-writer or visitor that it presents the matter to the organ which has the power to handle the matter.

Where, upon receiving a letter-or-visit matter, the administrative organ concerned can, on the spot, decide whether to accept it, the said organ shall do so in writing. If such decision can not be made on the spot, the said organ shall, within 15 days from the date of receipt of the matter, notify the letter-writer or visitor in writing, unless the name (title) or address of the letter-writer or visitor is unclear.

Relevant administrative organs shall notify each other of the letter-or-visit matters they have accepted.

Article 23 The administrative organ and its staff members shall not divulge or transmit the materials of accusation or exposure or the relevant information provided by a letter-writer or visitor to the individual or department accused or exposed.

Article 24 Where a letter-or-visit matter involves two or more administrative organs, it shall be handled by them through consultation. If disagreement arises in handling of the matter, their common administrative organ at the next higher level shall decide on which organ handles the matter.

Article 25 Where an administrative organ is split up, merges with another or is dissolved, the letter-or-visit matters on which it shall make a decision shall be handled by the administrative organ which continues to perform its functions and powers. If the functions and duties are unclear, the people's government at the corresponding level or the organ designated by such government shall handle the matter.

Article 26 When a citizen, legal person or any other organization discovers an important or urgent letter-or-visit matter or information which may exert an influence on society, it may report the matter to the relevant administrative organ nearby. After receiving such report, the local people's governments at different levels shall immediately report to the people's government at the next higher level and, if necessary, circulate a notice of such matter among the competent departments. After receiving the report, the relevant department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall immediately report to the people's government at the corresponding level and to the competent department at the next higher level and, if necessary, circulate a notice of such matter among the competent departments. After receiving the report, the relevant department of the State Council shall immediately report to the State Council and, if necessary, circulate a notice among the competent departments.

The administrative organ shall not conceal, give a false report about or delay reporting any important or urgent letter-or-visit matter and information or incite others to do so.

Article 27 With regard to important or urgent letter-or-visit matters and information which may exert an influence on society, the administrative organ concerned shall, within the scope of its functions and duties and according to law, take timely measures to prevent the occurrence and extension of adverse influence.

Chapter V Handling, and Supervising and Urging the Handling of Letter-or-visit Matters

Article 28 In handling the letter-or-visit matters presented by a letter-writer or visitor, the administrative organ and its staff members shall perform their duties whole-heartedly, handle the matters impartially, ascertain the facts, clearly distinguish the responsibilities, publicize the legal system, conduct persuasion and handle the matter properly in a timely manner, and they shall not shift the responsibility onto others, take a perfunctory attitude or delay handling the matters.

Article 29 Where the information given by a letter-writer or visitor or the comments or suggestions made thereby are beneficial to improvement of the work of the administrative organ and to promotion of national economic and social development, the relevant administrative organ shall conscientiously study, evaluate and unhesitatingly accept them.

Article 30 The staff member of an administrative organ who has a direct interest in the letter-or-visit matter presented by a letter-writer or visitor or with the letter-writer or visitor shall recuse himself.

Article 31 In handling the letter-or-visit matter presented by a letter-writer or visitor, the administrative organ which has the power to handle such matter shall heed the facts and reasons stated by the letter-writer or visitor. When necessary, it may ask the letter-writer or visitor, or the organization or individual concerned to give an explanation; and where further verification is needed, it may conduct investigation among other organizations or individuals.

A hearing may be held for important, complicated or difficult letter-or-visit matters, and the hearing shall be open to the public to ascertain the facts and clearly distinguish the responsibilities through inquiry, debate, appraisal or judgment by a collegiate group. The people's government of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall respectively prescribe the scope of hearings, presiding officer, participants, procedures and other things.

Article 32 Through investigation and verification, the administrative organ which has the power to handle the letter-or-visit matter presented by a letter-writer or visitor shall make the following decisions according to the relevant laws, regulations, rules and other provisions and give a written reply to the letter-writer or visitor:

(1) to support the request if it is based on clear facts and conforms to laws, regulations, rules and other provisions;

(2) to make an ample explanation to the letter-writer or visitor if the request is reasonable but lacks legal basis; or

(3) not to support the request if it is not based on facts or does not conform to laws, regulations, rules or other provisions.

Where the administrative organ which has the power to handle the matter decides to support the request according to the provisions of Item (1) of the preceding paragraph, it shall urge the relevant organs or units to execute its decision.

Article 33 The matter presented by a letter-writer or visitor shall be handled within 60 days from the date it is accepted. If the matter is complicated, the time limit for handling it may be extended appropriately upon the approval by the responsible person of the administrative organ concerned, but the period extended shall not exceed 30 days, and the letter-writer or visitor shall be notified of the reasons for such extension. Where laws or administrative regulations provide otherwise, the provisions therein shall prevail.

Article 34 Where a letter-writer or visitor is not satisfied with the decision made by an administrative organ on the handling of the letter-or-visit matter, it may, within 30 days from the date of receipt of the written reply, request the administrative organ at the next higher level of the original administrative organ that has handled the matter to reexamine the matter. The administrative organ which has received the request for reexamination shall, within 30 days from the date of receipt of the request, make a decision after reexamination and give a written reply.

Article 35 Where a letter-writer or visitor is not satisfied with the decision made after reexamination, it may, within 30 days from the date of receipt of the written reply, request for review from the administrative organ at the next higher level of the reexamination organ. The administrative organ which has received the request for review shall, within 30 days from the date of receipt of the request, make a decision after review.

The review organ may, according to the second paragraph of Article 31 of these Regulations, hold a hearing, and the review decision made through hearing may be made known to the public according to law. The time needed for hearing shall not be calculated in the time limit prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

Where the letter-writer or visitor is not satisfied with the review decision and continues to lodge a complaint on the basis of the same facts and reasons, the departments or units for letters and visits of the people's governments at all levels and other administrative organs shall no longer accept the compliant.

Article 36 Where the department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level finds that a relevant administrative organ comes under any of the following circumstances, it shall, without delay, urge such organ to handle the matter concerned and suggest that the said organ make improvement,:

(1) without justifiable reasons, failing to handle the letter-or-visit matter within the prescribed time limit;

(2) failing to give feedback on the results of the handling of the letter-or-visit matter as required;

(3) failing to handle the letter-or-visit matter according to the prescribed procedures;

(4) shifting the responsibility for handling the matter onto other departments, taking a perfunctory attitude, or delaying handling the letter-or-visit matter;

(5) failing to execute the decision on the matter; or

(6) needing urging for other reasons.

Upon receiving the suggestions for improvements, the administrative organ shall, within 30 days, give a feedback in writing on the improvements it has made. If the organ refuses to accept the suggestions, it shall explain the reasons.

Article 37 With regard to any policy problem raised by a letter-writer or visitor, the department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level shall report it to the people's government at the corresponding level in a timely manner and make suggestions as to how to improve the policy and solve the problem.

Article 38 With regard to the staff members of an administrative organ who, in the work regarding letters and visits, cause serious consequences by shifting their responsibilities onto others, taking a perfunctory attitude, delaying handling of matters or practicing fraud, the department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level may make suggestions to the administrative organ concerned to give them administrative sanctions.

Article 39 The department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level shall, regularly, submit analytical reports on letters and visits to the people's government at the corresponding level with regard to the following matters:

(1) statistical data on the letter-or-visit matters accepted, the areas covered by the letter-or-visit matters, and the organs against which a relatively larger number of complaints are lodged;

(2) information about the matters which are transferred for handling or the handling of which is urged, and the suggestions about improvement accepted by different departments; and

(3) the policy suggestions made and accepted.

Chapter VI Legal Liability

Article 40 Where one of the following circumstances leads to the presentation of a letter-or-visit matter, which causes serious consequences, the individual directly in charge and the other individuals directly responsible therefor shall be given an administrative sanction according to the provisions of the relevant laws or administrative regulations; if the act constitutes a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law:

(1) The lawful rights and interests of a letter-writer or visitor are infringed upon due to overstepping or abuse of power;

(2) An administrative organ infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a letter-writer or visitor by doing nothing about what it shall do;

(3) The lawful rights and interests of a letter-writer or visitor is infringed upon due to incorrect application of laws or regulations or violation of statutory procedures; or

(4) The execution of the decision in support of the request of a letter-writer or visitor made by the administrative organ which has the power to handle the matter presented is refused.

Article 41 Where the department for letters and visits of the people's government at or above the county level fails to register the letter-or-visit matter, transfer the matter to another organ or assign another organ to handle the matter as required by regulations, or fails to perform the duties of supervising and urging the handling of the matter as it shall have done, the administrative organ at higher levels shall order it to make corrections; if serious consequences are caused, the individual directly in charge and the other individuals directly responsible therefor shall be given an administrative sanction according to law.

Article 42 Where the administrative organ responsible for accepting letter-or-visit matters, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, comes under any of the following circumstances in accepting a letter-or-visit matter, the administrative organ at a higher level shall order it to make corrections; if serious consequences are caused, the individual directly in charge and the other individuals directly responsible therefor shall be given an administrative sanction according to law:

(1) failing to register the letter-or-visit matter it has received, as is required by regulations;

(2) refusing to accept the letter-or-visit matter which falls within the scope of its statutory functions and powers; or

(3) failing to inform in writing within the specified time limit the letter-writer or visitor of whether the letter-or-visit matter is accepted.

Article 43 Where the administrative organ which has the power to handle letter-or-visit matters, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, commits any of the following acts in handling a letter-or-visit matter, the administrative organ at a higher level shall order it to make corrections; if serious consequences are caused, the individual directly in charge and the other individuals directly responsible therefor shall be given an administrative sanction according to law:

(1) shifting the responsibility onto another organ, taking a perfunctory attitude, or delaying handling the letter-or-visit matter, or failing to wind up the handling of the letter-or-visit matter within the statutory time limit; or

(2) failing to support the request which is based on clear facts and conforms to relevant laws, regulations, rules and other provisions.

Article 44 Where the staff member of an administrative organ, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, divulges or transmits the materials of accusation or exposure and relevant information provided by a letter-writer or visitor to the individual or unit accused or exposed, he shall be given an administrative sanction according to law.

Where the staff member of an administrative organ, in handling a letter-or-visit matter , is rude in his style of work, thus intensifying contradictions and causing serious consequences, he shall be given an administrative sanction according to law.

Article 45 Where an administrative organ and its staff members, in violation of the provisions of Article 26 of these Regulations, conceal, make a false report of or delay reporting the important or urgent letter-or-visit matters or informatinn which may exert an influence on society, or incite another individual to do so, thus causing serious consequences, the individual directly in charge and the other individuals directly responsible therefor shall be given an administrative sanction according to law; if the act constitutes a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

Article 46 Whoever retaliates against a letter-writer or visitor, thus constituting a crime, shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law; if the act is not serious enough to constitute a crime, he shall be given an administrative or disciplinary sanction according to law.

Article 47 Where a letter-writer or visitor violates the provisions of Article 18 or 20 of these Regulations, the staff member of the State organ concerned shall dissuade, criticize or educate him.

If such dissuasion, criticism or education fails, the public security organ shall warn or admonish the letter-writer or visitor or stop its act. If the letter-writer or visitor violates the laws or administrative regulations on assemblies, processions and demonstrations or if its act constitutes a violation of public security administration, the public security organ shall, according to law, take necessary measures to deal with the case on the spot and impose thereupon an administrative penalty for public security. If the act constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

Article 48 Where a letter-writer or visitor makes up a story or distorts facts in an attempt to frame or bring a false charge against another individual, which constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law. If the act is not serious enough to constitute a crime, the public security organ shall impose thereupon an administrative penalty for public security according to law.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 49 Social organizations, enterprises and institutions shall handle letters and visits with reference to these Regulations.

Article 50 The letter-or-visit matters presented by foreigners, stateless individuals or foreign organizations shall be handled with reference to these Regulations.

Article 51 These Regulations shall be effective as of May 1, 2005. The Regulations on Letters and Calls promulgated by the State Council on October 28, 1995 shall be repealed simultaneously.


国务院关于特大安全事故行政责任追究的规定

国务院


国务院关于特大安全事故行政责任追究的规定

中华人民共和国国务院令

第302号

现公布《国务院关于特大安全事故行政责任追究的规定》,自公布之日起施行。

总 理 朱镕基
二00一年四月二十一日

国务院关于特大安全事故行政责任追究的规定

第一条 为了有效地防范特大安全事故的发生,严肃追究特大安全事故的行政责任,保障人民群众生命、财产安全,制定本规定。
第二条 地方人民政府主要领导人和政府有关部门正职负责人对下列特大安全事故的防范、发生,依照法律、行政法规和本规定的规定有失职、渎职情形或者负有领导责任的,依照本规定给予行政处分;构成玩忽职守罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任:
(一)特大火灾事故;
(二)特大交通安全事故;
(三)特大建筑质量安全事故;
(四)民用爆炸物品和化学危险品特大安全事故;
(五)煤矿和其他矿山特大安全事故;
(六)锅炉、压力容器、压力管道和特种设备特大安全事故;
(七)其他特大安全事故。
地方人民政府和政府有关部门对特大安全事故的防范、发生直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,比照本规定给予行政处分;构成玩忽职守罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
特大安全事故肇事单位和个人的刑事处罚、行政处罚和民事责任,依照有关法律、法规和规章的规定执行。
第三条 特大安全事故的具体标准,按照国家有关规定执行。
第四条 地方各级人民政府及政府有关部门应当依照有关法律、法规和规章的规定,采取行政措施,对本地区实施安全监督管理,保障本地区人民群众生命、财产安全,对本地区或者职责范围内防范特大安全事故的发生、特大安全事故发生后的迅速和妥善处理负责。
第五条 地方各级人民政府应当每个季度至少召开一次防范特大安全事故工作会议,由政府主要领导人或者政府主要领导人委托政府分管领导人召集有关部门正职负责人参加,分析、布置、督促、检查本地区防范特大安全事故的工作。会议应当作出决定并形成纪要,会议确定的各项防范措施必须严格实施。
第六条 市(地、州)、县(市、区)人民政府应当组织有关部门按照职责分工对本地区容易发生特大安全事故的单位、设施和场所安全事故的防范明确责任、采取措施,并组织有关部门对上述单位、设施和场所进行严格检查。
第七条 市(地、州)、县(市、区)人民政府必须制定本地区特大安全事故应急处理预案。本地区特大安全事故应急处理预案经政府主要领导人签署后,报上一级人民政府备案。
第八条 市(地、州)、县(市、区)人民政府应当组织有关部门对本规定第二条所列各类特大安全事故的隐患进行查处;发现特大安全事故隐患的,责令立即排除;特大安全事故隐患排除前或者排除过程中,无法保证安全的,责令暂时停产、停业或者停止使用。法律、行政法规对查处机关另有规定的,依照其规定。
第九条 市(地、州)、县(市、区)人民政府及其有关部门对本地区存在的特大安全事故隐患,超出其管辖或者职责范围的,应当立即向有管辖权或者负有职责的上级人民政府或者政府有关部门报告;情况紧急的,可以立即采取包括责令暂时停产、停业在内的紧急措施,同时报告;有关上级人民政府或者政府有关部门接到报告后,应当立即组织查处。
第十条 中小学校对学生进行劳动技能教育以及组织学生参加公益劳动等社会实践活动,必须确保学生安全。严禁以任何形式、名义组织学生从事接触易燃、易爆、有毒、有害等危险品的劳动或者其他危险性劳动。严禁将学校场地出租作为从事易燃、易爆、有毒、有害等危险品的生产、经营场所。
中小学校违反前款规定的,按照学校隶属关系,对县(市、区)、乡(镇)人民政府主要领导人和县(市、区)人民政府教育行政部门正职负责人,根据情节轻重,给予记过、降级直至撤职的行政处分;构成玩忽职守罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
中小学校违反本条第一款规定的,对校长给予撤职的行政处分,对直接组织者给予开除公职的行政处分;构成非法制造爆炸物罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第十一条 依法对涉及安全生产事项负责行政审批(包括批准、核准、许可、注册、认证、颁发证照、竣工验收等,下同)的政府部门或者机构,必须严格依照法律、法规和规章规定的安全条件和程序进行审查;不符合法律、法规和规章规定的安全条件的,不得批准;不符合法律、法规和规章规定的安全条件,弄虚作假,骗取批准或者勾结串通行政审批工作人员取得批准的,负责行政审批的政府部门或者机构除必须立即撤销原批准外,应当对弄虚作假骗取批准或者勾结串通行政审批工作人员的当事人依法给予行政处罚;构成行贿罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
负责行政审批的政府部门或者机构违反前款规定,对不符合法律、法规和规章规定的安全条件予以批准的,对部门或者机构的正职负责人,根据情节轻重,给予降级、撤职直至开除公职的行政处分;与当事人勾结串通的,应当开除公职;构成受贿罪、玩忽职守罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

第十二条 对依照本规定第十一条第一款的规定取得批准的单位和个人,负责行政审批的政府部门或者机构必须对其实施严格监督检查;发现其不再具备安全条件的,必须立即撤销原批准。
负责行政审批的政府部门或者机构违反前款规定,不对取得批准的单位和个人实施严格监督检查,或者发现其不再具备安全条件而不立即撤销原批准的,对部门或者机构的正职负责人,根据情节轻重,给予降级或者撤职的行政处分;构成受贿罪、玩忽职守罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第十三条 对未依法取得批准,擅自从事有关活动的,负责行政审批的政府部门或者机构发现或者接到举报后,应当立即予以查封、取缔,并依法给予行政处罚;属于经营单位的,由工商行政管理部门依法相应吊销营业执照。
负责行政审批的政府部门或者机构违反前款规定,对发现或者举报的未依法取得批准而擅自从事有关活动的,不予查封、取缔、不依法给予行政处罚,工商行政管理部门不予吊销营业执照的,对部门或者机构的正职负责人,根据情节轻重,给予降级或者撤职的行政处分;构成受贿罪、玩忽职守罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第十四条 市(地、州)、县(市、区)人民政府依照本规定应当履行职责而未履行,或者未按照规定的职责和程序履行,本地区发生特大安全事故的,对政府主要领导人,根据情节轻重,给予降级或者撤职的行政处分;构成玩忽职守罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
负责行政审批的政府部门或者机构、负责安全监督管理的政府有关部门,未依照本规定履行职责,发生特大安全事故的,对部门或者机构的正职负责人,根据情节轻重,给予撤职或者开除公职的行政处分;构成玩忽职守罪或者其他罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第十五条 发生特大安全事故,社会影响特别恶劣或者性质特别严重的,由国务院对负有领导责任的省长、自治区主席、直辖市市长和国务院有关部门正职负责人给予行政处分。
第十六条 特大安全事故发生后,有关县(市、区)、市(地、州)和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府及政府有关部门应当按照国家规定的程序和时限立即上报,不得隐瞒不报、谎报或者拖延报告,并应当配合、协助事故调查,不得以任何方式阻碍、干涉事故调查。
特大安全事故发生后,有关地方人民政府及政府有关部门违反前款规定的,对政府主要领导人和政府部门正职负责人给予降级的行政处分。
第十七条 特大安全事故发生后,有关地方人民政府应当迅速组织救助,有关部门应当服从指挥、调度,参加或者配合救助,将事故损失降到最低限度。
第十八条 特大安全事故发生后,省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当按照国家有关规定迅速、如实发布事故消息。
第十九条 特大安全事故发生后,按照国家有关规定组织调查组对事故进行调查。事故调查工作应当自事故发生之日起60日内完成,并由调查组提出调查报告;遇有特殊情况的,经调查组提出并报国家安全生产监督管理机构批准后,可以适当延长时间。调查报告应当包括依照本规定对有关责任人员追究行政责任或者其他法律责任的意见。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当自调查报告提交之日起30日内,对有关责任人员作出处理决定;必要时,国务院可以对特大安全事故的有关责任人员作出处理决定。
第二十条 地方人民政府或者政府部门阻挠、干涉对特大安全事故有关责任人员追究行政责任的,对该地方人民政府主要领导人或者政府部门正职负责人,根据情节轻重,给予降级或者撤职的行政处分。
第二十一条 任何单位和个人均有权向有关地方人民政府或者政府部门报告特大安全事故隐患,有权向上级人民政府或者政府部门举报地方人民政府或者政府部门不履行安全监督管理职责或者不按照规定履行职责的情况。接到报告或者举报的有关人民政府或者政府部门,应当立即组织对事故隐患进行查处,或者对举报的不履行、不按照规定履行安全监督管理职责的情况进行调查处理。
第二十二条 监察机关依照行政监察法的规定,对地方各级人民政府和政府部门及其工作人员履行安全监督管理职责实施监察。
第二十三条 对特大安全事故以外的其他安全事故的防范、发生追究行政责任的办法,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府参照本规定制定。
第二十四条 本规定自公布之日起施行。